ZIKHLUM VEN NANA IPM

II. THLAI HMUNA A TICHHETU RANNUNG NATNA THLITHLAI

A. Thlai hmun tlawh thuak thuak

     Loneitu chuan a khat tawkin a thlai hmun chu a tlawh fo tur a ni a, eng ang rannungin nge a thlai chu eichhia, eng ang natnain nge a thlai chu tlakbuak, eng ang rannungtha nge a thlai hmunah chuan awm tih te loneitu chuan a hre tur a ni. Hetianga a thlai hmun a vil peih chuan rannung thahna hlo leh thlai natna damdawi pawh a hmang tlem thei dawn a ni.

B. Pheromone thang kam

     Zikhlum, Parbawr, Knolkhol, Buluih leh Broccoli hmunah lungphur thlahtu man nan pheromone thang kam tur a ni. Pheromone thang hi pangang chi hnih Heliothis armigera leh Spodoptera litura man nana siam hi a tlanglawn ber a. Hectare khat a zauah Pheromone thang 5 kam tur a ni a, thang leh thang inkar hlat zawng hi 5 metres tal a ni tur a ni. Pheromone thang chu thlai aia 1ft vel tala sang a ni tur a ni a, a chhunga rimtui bawm "Lures" chu ni 15-25 danah thlak zel tur a ni. ( A hlui chu a thara thlak tur a ni) tuk tin pheromone thang-a tang lungphur thlahtu chu mana tihlum tur a ni. Heliothis armigera chu ni khata a thlahtu-lungphur thlahtu chu pheromone thanga 8-10 a tlak chuan a hlauhawm chin ETL a thleng tihna a ni.

C. Thleng dar eng leh puanban hman tangkai

     Zikhlum, parbawr etc hmunah a tuihnang dawttu rannung var (white fly), a hrik (aphids), leh a hnah tirangtu (thrips) te awm leh awm loh hriat nan hectare khatah a chuklakin hmun 10-ah thleng dar eng, a chhung lam tel/ grease a nuai mawm hun tur a ni, thlengah hian rannung te tak te te an tla anga, an bet tlat dawn a ni. Hetiang bawk hian hmun 10 ah puan ban thlun tur a ni a, rannung te tak te te an bet dawn a ni. Chung rannung bet chu eng ang rannung nge tih enchian tur a ni.

D. Thlai rulhut

     Thlai rulhut in a tihchhiat thlai zung chu a sawrbawka, a then chuan thlai zung an ti bawlhhlawh bawk, zikhlum, parbawr etc zung a thlai rulhut tui bawm (egg sac) a awm leh awm loh hriat nan zikhlum, parbawr etc zung chu "Trypan Blue" tui-ah an chiah a, rulhut tui bawm chu a dumpawl vat a, Zikhlum, Parbawr etc zung chu a rawng a danglam ve 10 a ni.

F. Economic Threshold Level (ETL)

     Loneitu chuan a thlai eichhetu rannungin a hlauhawm chin ETL an thlen chuan a suat rem dan kawng a ngaihtuah tur a ni. Rannung thenkhat tana ETL chu heng te hi a ni.

III. RANNUNG HLAUAWM CHIN HRIATNA ETL

III. ZIKHLUM, PARBAWR, KNOL KHOL, BULUIH BROCCOLI VEN NANA IPM HMAN TUR)

A. Loneitu thiamsa)

     1. Leia awm rannung, thlai rulhut, natna hrik leh hnim zung te nisa pho hlum a nih theih nan nipui laiin thuk deuh hleka lei lehphut tur a ni.

     2. Thlai chi tha, thar hlawk, rannung leh natna do thei, a theih chen chen chu chin tur a ni.

     3. Rannung leh natna a tlem theih nan thlai kung inhlat lam leh a tlar inhlat lam dik tak zawm tur a ni.

     4. Fertilizer hman tur zat dik tak chauh hman tur a ni. Urea phei chu a tul tawk aia tam hman reng reng tur a ni lo.

     5. A hun takah tui pek tur a ni.

     6. Zikhlum, Parbawr etc chin zawhah antam/zikhlum etc lam chi ni lo, thlai chi dang chin tur a ni.

     7. Thlai thar seng hnu a thlai hmuna thlai hnah leh a kung hlui, ro te senghawia, halral tur a ni.

     8. A tir atanga thlai tiak hrisel tha Phun chuan a thang Chak a, hnim aiin a sang zawka, hnim an khuh thuai a ni.

     9. A chi kuina thehtiah (nursery bed) siam laiin lei lehphut vek tawh chu tui leih hnawn hnuah sarang phui tha, lang tlang theiin khuh tur a ni a, a tlang pawh leia chhilh kual vek tur a ni. Nisain a han em a, a chhung chu a lo sa ta em em a, hetiang hian ni 15-21 Chung chu nisaah pho tur a ni, tichuan lei a awm thlai rulhut leh natna hrik chu a lo thi dawn a ni.

B. Hmanraw dang hman)

     (1) Rannung leh pangang, a tui, buhchium etc a tam thei ang ber vai/ mana, rahhlum tur a ni.

     (2) Rannung leh pangang eichhiat leh natna vang a chhia thlai hnah leh a kung chu lakkhawma, hal ral tur a ni.

     (3) Pangangin a zik a kher chhiat tawh thlai chu pawha, hal ral tur a ni.

     (4) A tiak phunsawn atanga kar 4-6 chhung chu fai taka hlo thlawh tur ani.

C. Thlai hmun hual vela rannung ei duh zawng tak thlai chi dang chin

     Zikhlum hmun hual vel leh a kara antam chin hi khawvel puma an chin dan a ni. Zikhlum hmuna pangang chi hrang hrang 80-90% chuan antam hi an bawm tlangpui a ni. Chuvang chuan hetianga thlai hmun hual vel leh a kara thlai dang chin hian rannung an lo hip kawi a, a tangkai hle a ni.

      A sir ber tlar 2-ah antam chin phawt tur a ni a, a dawt tlar atanga chhiarin zikhlum tlar 25 danah antam tlar 2 zel chin tur a ni. Antam chin hmasak lak /hralh zawhah a chinna tlar ngai zel-ah khan antam theh nawn leh tur a ni. Tichuan zikhlum/parbawr etc seng thlengin antam a lo awm ve dawn a ni. Zikhlum/Parbawr etc phunsawn hma ni 15-ah antam lo chin hmasak tur a ni. Antam hi bit deuha theh/phun tur a ni. Tichuan a antam a rannung tui, pangang leh rannung dang te chu antam seng rualin tam tak a tihhlum theih a ni. Hetianga antam leh zikhlum, parbawr etc chin pawlh a ni chung hian pangang/rannung thenkhat chuan zikhlum,parbawr chu an la eichhe thei tho. Chuvangin neem rah mu densawm tui (NSKE) @ 5ml leh tui 1litre chawhpawlh-in antam leh zikhlum, parbawr etc. chu kah tur a ni.

D. Rannung tha leh hrik tangkai chhawr

1. Humhalh:

     (a) Zikhlum, Parbawr, etc chinna hmunah hian rannung tha leh tangkai tam tak an awm a ni, Chung zinga thenkhat te chu heng te hi a ni:

             (i) Pangangte, zikhlum eikaw chuktu (Diamond back moth) suattu rannung tha chu Cotesia plutellae a ni.

             (ii) Pangang (Plutela xylostella) suattu rannung tha chu Itoplectis sp, Diadromus collaris, Diadegma sp, Tetrastichus sokolowoskii, Maoromalon orientale, Bracon gelechiae, Voria ruralis.

              (iii) Pangang Crocidolomia binotalis suattu rannung tha chu Trichogramma chilonis, Microbrawn melleus, Cotesia crocidolomia, Palexorista solomnis, Bracon sp, Chelonus sp, Enicospilus xanthocaptialus

        (iv) Zikhlum, Parbawr, Broccoli etc hrik (aphids) suattu rannung tha te chu -Aphidius sp, Aphelinus sp.

        (v) Pangang Hellula undalis suattu rannungtha chu Bracon sp a ni.

     (b) Heng bakah hian rannung mana,chaw atana ring ho an la awm a, chung te chu- Khuavanglamdar, Syrphids (tho), Maimawm, Carabids, Staphylinids, Daidep, Daidepria, Thlangdar tha chi hrang hrang (Miridbugs, Pentatomids, Nabid bugs, Reduvid bugs, Anthocorid bugs, Geocorid bugs), Maimawm te (mites)

     (c) Pangang tihlum thei virus chu NPV a ni.

     (d) Heng rannung tangkai te humhalh nan a tul tawpkhawkah lo chuan rannung thahna hlo kah mai mai loh tur a ni.

     (e) Zikhlum, Parbawr etc hmunah sava fukna tur mau or thing, kraws anga siam Phun tur a ni, hectare khatah 50, hmun hrang hrang ah phun tur. Sava an fu anga, zikhlum,parbawr etc hmuna pangang leh rannung an chuk dawn a ni.

     (f) Zikhlum, Parbawr etc hmuna sava an rawn kal duh nan chaw chhum hmin sa, hmun hrang hrangah theh darh tur a ni.

2. Rannung leh hrik tangkai khawi puna, thlai hmuna chhuah/hman tangkai

     (a) Kui/tuh hmain Zikhlum, Parbawr etc chi 100gm leh Trichoderma viriden. harzianum 2gm nuaipawlh tur ani. (T.viriden.harzianum hi a phut a ni a, chalk powder ang mai a ni)

     (b) Hectare khatah Trichogramma chilonis, kar khat danah tum 4-5 chhuah tur a ni a, vawi khatah 50,000 (Trichocard 3) chhuah tur a ni. Heng hian pangang pian chhuahna lungphur thlahtu tui an tichhe dawn a ni.

     (c) Pangang suat nan Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki kah tur a ni a, hectare khatah 500gm @lgm leh tui 1 litre chawhpawlh in, thlai tiak phunsawn atanga ni 15-ah kah tur a ni.

     (d) Pangang suat nan Beauveria bassiana ni 20 dan zel ah @2gm leh tui 1 litre chawhpawlh-in kah tur a ni.

     (e) Pangang suat nan Entomopthora sp @ 2gm leh tui 1litre chawhpawlh chu ni 20 dan zelah kah tur a ni.

3. Thlai/hnim/thingral atanga siam rannung thahna hlo

     (a) Neem rah mu den sawm tui (NSKE) @ 5ml leh tui 1litre chawhpawlh, chu ni 15 danah tum hnih kah tur a ni.

     (b) Ser(Nimbu) tui sawr @ 1ml leh tui 1litre chawhpawlh kah hian pangang (Diamond back moth) suat nan a tangkai hle.

E . Rannung thahna hlo leh natna damdawi hman

     (a) A tul tawpkhawkah lo chuan rannung thahna hlo leh natna damdawi hi kah loh tur a ni. Rannung in a hlauhawm chin ETL a pel a nih chuan rannung thahna hlo hlauhawm lo deuh kah tur a ni.

     (b) Zikhlum, Parbawr etc kung tawih natna laka ven nan a chi kui/tuh hmain a chi 1 kg chu Steptocycline 100mg leh tui 1 litre chawhpawlhah 15 minutes chiah tur a ni.

     (c) Leia awm natna hrik laka a him theih nan Zikhlum, Parbawretc chi 100gm leh lgC Carbendazim or 2gm captan chu kui hmain chawhpawlh tur a ni.

     (d) Rannungin ETL an pel a nih chuan Carbaryl 3gm leh tui 1 litre chawhpawlh a kah tur.

     (e) Natna laka ven nan Mancozeb @3gm leh tui 1litre chawhpawlh a kah tur. Bacteria vanga natna, a kung tawih ven nan Steptocycline 100ppm kah bawk tur a ni.

     (f) Hnim suat nan, lei lehphut vek tawh, zikhlum, parbawr etc phunsawn hmain Fluchloralin @4ml leh tui 1litre chawhpawlh in lei chu kah tur a ni a, kah zawh veleh lei nen chawhpawlh nghal tur a ni.

     (g) A chi kui tiahna (nursery bed)-ah lei lehphut vek tawh hnuah Carbofuran 3G theh tur a ni a, leia awm rannung leh thlai rulhut suat nan a tangkai a ni.

III. RANNUNG HLAUAWM CHIN HRIATNA ETL